![]() Further work has indicated that the UK space economy, while not becoming fully ‘balanced', has been developing intercity networks to complement the continuing London-headed urban hierarchy. New measures of global network connectivity in 2004 showed that UK cities had experienced some of the most rapid increases in global network connectivities in the world: Edinburgh, Bristol, Cardiff and Leeds being particular noteworthy in this respect (Taylor and Aranya, 2006). However, at the beginning of the 21st century there appeared to be a revival of provincial UK cities. ![]() Other studies have highlighted the economic underperformance of UK provincial cities compared to their European counterparts (e.g. And this was confirmed by the first measurement of global network connectivities in 2000 (Taylor et al, 2002 Taylor, 2004): London was ranked first globally and with no other UK city in the top 100 (Beaverstock et al, 2001). With this global position added to London 's national dominance, it seemed that London 's UK primacy in the new world of globalization would be greater than ever. This opened up the City to foreign banks and other financial services to ensure London would become a key locale for on-going economic globalization, and Saskia Sassen (1991) announced that London, with New York and Tokyo, was an archetypal ‘Global City'. With the rise of neoliberal globalization from the late 1970s, the prospects for the cities collectively known as ‘not-London' seemed to have been further reduced: the demise of regional policy was followed by government policy that precipitated the City of London 's ‘Big Bang'. But such policies proved to have limited impact on the economic forces creating London 's primacy. For much of the 20th century, UK governments pursued regional policies specifically to counter ‘the drift to the south' resulting from the decline of the industrial cities and towns of northern Britain from their 19th century economic prime. ![]() The UK space economy has long been notorious for its primate pattern of cities centred on London and the south east. Please refer to the published version when quoting the paper. Witlox (eds) (2011) Global Urban Analysis: A Survey of Cities in Globalization London: Earthscan, pp. This Research Bulletin has been published in P.J. ![]()
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